{"id":1329,"date":"2020-12-09T07:41:04","date_gmt":"2020-12-09T07:41:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/?p=1329"},"modified":"2020-12-09T07:58:31","modified_gmt":"2020-12-09T07:58:31","slug":"forgotten-cinema-the-studio-theatre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/2020\/12\/09\/forgotten-cinema-the-studio-theatre\/","title":{"rendered":"Forgotten Cinema: The Studio Theatre"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In July of 1931, a theatre opened on Hollywood Boulevard with the bold prediction that it would \u201cflame a revolution in film presentation.\u201d Financially backed by business tycoon Howard Hughes, designed by renowned architect S. Charles Lee, and utilizing operations concepts which were decades ahead of their time, the theatre was among the first to openly challenge the grand movie palace ideal; perhaps, the first \u201cmodern\u201d cinema, which predicted much of what awaited movie going in the latter half of the twentieth century. Yet, this theatre failed to flame any revolution, closing in less than a year and disappearing into historical obscurity. The Studio Theatre is the subject of our latest Forgotten Cinema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The story of the Studio Theatre begins in late 1930, when Howard Hughes, fresh off the box office success of \u201cHell\u2019s Angels\u201d, sought to create his own cinema chain. Partnering with former Fox West Coast executive Harold B. Franklin, the two formally launched the Hughes-Franklin Company in January of 1931. Backed by Hughes\u2019 immense wealth, the new circuit went on a nationwide buying and building spree, with plans to operate 200 to 300 theatres within two years. By March, Hughes-Franklin already owned 125 venues, in eight states, and had commissioned famed cinema architect, S. Charles Lee, to design a new run of theatres. Among the mostly traditional sites on Lee\u2019s docket was one experimental theatre, which aimed to test a new course in film presentation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"http:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioTheatreExt.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"236\" src=\"http:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioTheatreExt-300x236.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1330\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioTheatreExt-300x236.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioTheatreExt-150x118.jpg 150w, https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioTheatreExt-768x604.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioTheatreExt.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Located in the heart of Hollywood\u2019s, then new, cinema epicenter, the Studio Theatre was promoted as the \u201cworld\u2019s most unique theatre.\u201d Intended as a counter to a perceived overindulgence, which had become the movie theatre standard of the day, the Studio was to place the focus \u201cback on the pictures\u201d. Forgoing the cavernous and opulent design of the nearby Egyptian and Chinese theatres, the Studio repurposed a retail property into an intimate 303 loge seat venue, with streamlined modern d\u00e9cor. Taking a que from Hughes\u2019 interest in new technologies, the Studio featured automated sliding front doors (utilizing a pressure sensitive floormat), self-serve concession vending machines, a bill changing machine, and \u201cwhispering display cases\u201d which provided film information via prerecorded messages. Additional \u201cmechanical wonders\u201d included a photobooth, automated drinking fountain (activated with an \u201celectric eye\u201d photocell), and an air-conditioning \u201cweather factory\u201d which was visible through a floor window.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"http:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioAuditorium.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"243\" src=\"http:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioAuditorium-300x243.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1331\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioAuditorium-300x243.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioAuditorium-150x122.jpg 150w, https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioAuditorium-768x622.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioAuditorium.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>While the assorted \u201cworld\u2019s first\u201d technologies may have been more marketing than innovation (several had already been introduced by the rival Trans-Lux chain), the true \u201crevolutionary\u201d and \u201cunique\u201d attributes of the Studio were found in the theatre\u2019s efficiency. The streamlined facility design had allowed for the theatre to be built and opened in a matter of months, at a fraction of the cost seen with traditional cinemas (a design concept which also addressed the <a href=\"http:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/2010\/07\/08\/white-elephants-disposable-cinemas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;white elephant&#8221; issue we covered in an earlier post).<\/a> In turn, this design and the highly promoted automation technologies resulted in the Studio requiring as few as three people for operations (cashier, hostess, and projectionist), as opposed to the legions which had become standard practice elsewhere. Abandoning the prologs, intermissions, and stage shows of movie palaces, the Studio was able to schedule more daily screenings; aided further by the facility, which allowed for a quicker turnaround time between shows. Where even small-town movie houses regularly scheduled around extended gaps between shows, the Studio was purported to only be limited by the length of time it took audiences to exit\/enter the auditorium. The theatre also included a work around for the \u201cdead time\u201d business lull during screenings, via a soda fountain which opened to the sidewalk, allowing for continuous concession sales. In general, the business model was based on cutting expenses and increasing revenue streams, through a focus on efficiency of operations; a seemingly standard practice by modern standards, but one which was unique in the era of over-the-top showmanship and grandeur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"http:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioEntrance.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" src=\"http:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioEntrance-300x248.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioEntrance-300x248.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioEntrance-150x124.jpg 150w, https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioEntrance-768x636.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioEntrance.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>While unintentional, a secondary \u201cahead of its\u2019 time\u201d feature could be found in the criticism the theatre faced from an assortment of industry and media figures. Dubbed as \u201cclassless\u201d and the potential \u201cdeath knell of cinema cathedrals\u201d, there were those who felt the Studio\u2019s approach to movie going cheapened the experience; believing the theatre harkened backwards to storefront nickelodeons, rather than advanced movies as a respectable art form. The glamour and prestige of the grand movie palace was being assaulted by a disposable, \u201cfor the masses\u201d, cinema. All quite reminiscent of the chatter which surrounded the multi and mega plexes in the latter twentieth century. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"http:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioFormerSite.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"280\" height=\"300\" src=\"http:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioFormerSite-280x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1334\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioFormerSite-280x300.jpg 280w, https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioFormerSite-140x150.jpg 140w, https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioFormerSite-768x823.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/StudioFormerSite.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite industry criticism, the Studio proved to be an instant hit with moviegoers. Unfortunately, the same couldn\u2019t be said about the Hughes-Franklin circuit as a whole. Mistimed, during an industry downturn and the Great Depression, the chain had quickly turned into a money pit and Hughes sought to cut his losses. In January of 1932, the Hughes-Franklin Company announced that all holdings would be shuttered and\/or sold \u201cas soon as possible.\u201d The Studio was later remodeled into a more traditional cinema and rotated through numerous operators over the ensuing fifty years; changing names from the Hollywood Music Hall, to Academy, and finally the Holly Theatre. In 1986, cinema operations ceased for good and the property was returned to retail use. Today, the site serves as the home of Harold\u2019s Fried Chicken.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In July of 1931, a theatre opened on Hollywood Boulevard with the bold prediction that it would \u201cflame a revolution in film presentation.\u201d Financially backed by business tycoon Howard Hughes, designed by renowned architect S. Charles Lee, and utilizing operations concepts which were decades ahead of their time, the theatre was among the first to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1329","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history","category-theatre"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1329","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1329"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1329\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1337,"href":"https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1329\/revisions\/1337"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1329"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cinelog.org\/cinelog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}